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+graph TB
+    subgraph Application Layer
+        MW[MainWindow]
+        AC[ApplicationController]
+    end
+    
+    subgraph Server Layer
+        DS[DataServer]
+        subgraph Server Signals
+            DS_DATA[Data Signal]
+            DS_STATE[State Signal]
+            DS_ERROR[Error Signal]
+        end
+    end
+    
+    subgraph Component Controllers
+        FC[FilterController]
+        SC[SpectrumController]
+        WC[WaveformController]
+    end
+    
+    subgraph Views
+        FV[FilterWidget]
+        SV[SpectrumWidget]
+        WV[WaveformWidget]
+    end
+    
+    subgraph Models
+        FM[FilterModel]
+        SM[SpectrumModel]
+        WM[WaveformModel]
+    end
+
+    %% 应用层连接
+    MW -->|creates| AC
+    AC -->|manages| FC
+    AC -->|manages| SC
+    AC -->|manages| WC
+    
+    %% Server信号连接
+    DS_DATA -->|new_data_received| FC
+    DS_DATA -->|new_data_received| SC
+    DS_DATA -->|new_data_received| WC
+    DS_STATE -->|channel_state_changed| AC
+    DS_ERROR -->|error_occurred| AC
+    
+    %% Server控制
+    AC -->|start_channel| DS
+    AC -->|stop_channel| DS
+    AC -->|configure| DS
+    
+    %% 控制器与视图和模型的连接
+    FC -->|creates/updates| FV
+    FC -->|manages| FM
+    SC -->|creates/updates| SV
+    SC -->|manages| SM
+    WC -->|creates/updates| WV
+    WC -->|manages| WM
+    
+    %% 组件间数据流
+    FC -->|processed_data_ready| SC
+    FC -->|processed_data_ready| WC
+    
+    %% 视图信号
+    FV -.->|filter_changed| FC
+    FV -.->|filter_enabled_changed| FC
+    SV -.->|display_changed| SC
+    WV -.->|display_changed| WC
+    
+    %% 控制器信号
+    FC -.->|filter_state_changed| AC
+    FC -.->|params_updated| AC
+    SC -.->|spectrum_updated| AC
+    WC -.->|waveform_updated| AC
+    
+    %% 错误处理
+    FC -.->|error_occurred| AC
+    SC -.->|error_occurred| AC
+    WC -.->|error_occurred| AC
+    AC -.->|error_occurred| MW
+
+    classDef controller fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
+    classDef view fill:#bbf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
+    classDef model fill:#bfb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
+    classDef server fill:#fbb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
+    classDef signal fill:#ffb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px;
+    classDef app fill:#fff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
+    
+    class AC,FC,SC,WC controller;
+    class FV,SV,WV view;
+    class FM,SM,WM model;
+    class DS server;
+    class DS_DATA,DS_STATE,DS_ERROR signal;
+    class MW app;
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